In many studies focusing on flood characteristic analysis, flood water levels were calculated using flood inundation models (e.g. ![]() Therefore, for better flood risk management and decision making, understanding their temporal and spatial characteristics very well is important. Floods may have both negative and positive influences on regions. In the Mekong Delta, floods enrich the soil with sediments from the upstream of the Mekong River, resulting in good rice harvests during the non-rainy season. the Vietnamese Mekong Delta) (IFRCRCS Citation2012). Meanwhile, flood is a regular and essential activity in several areas (e.g. Therefore, a quick response is necessary when a flood area increases because of the breaking of levees and dikes (Komori et al. Moreover, the delay in initial response caused considerable damage. The total rainfall accumulated in the rainy season of 20 mm, which is 1.4 times that of the average rainy seasonal rainfall in several decades. In 2011, five typhoons caused the flooding of the Chao Phraya River in Thailand. For example, heavy floods occurred in Thailand (2011), Sri Lanka (2016), India (2016), and East Africa (2018). Owing to the effect of climate change, severe floods frequently occur worldwide (World Economic Forum Citation2014). ![]() Thus, we demonstrated that the characteristics of flood inundation can be understood even when ground observation data cannot be obtained.įloods affect more people worldwide than any other hazards, and the global annual average loss caused by floods is estimated to be US $104 billion (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction Citation2015, Blöschl et al. Furthermore, the method reproduced the flow directions and flood water level changes during the flooding period. Given that most errors are attributed to the DEM, the method exhibited good performance. The RMSE using the RADARSAT was 1.99 and 1.30 m at river and floodplain points, respectively, whereas the RMSE using the MODIS was 4.33 and 1.33 m at the river and floodplain points, respectively. We compared the estimated flood water levels with the observed ones. ![]() The method involves three steps: (1) discriminating flood areas and identifying clumps of each flood area, (2) extracting the edges of the identified flood area using a buffering technique, and (3) performing spatial interpolation to transform the extracted elevation to flood water levels. We have developed a flood water level estimation method that only employs satellite images and a DEM.
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